Pietro Marani | Imamoter-C.N.R. | Ferrara | IT
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This paper presents an original concept valve characterized by two independent actuating mechanisms controlling the metering area, the first one is realized with a rotating actuator, the second one with translating one.
The working principle of state of art proportional valves is based on the linear motion of a spool or a poppet, the edges of the moving part are coupled with the edges of the body in such way that a proper metering area is obtained.
The valve hereinafter presented has a two moving parts: a rotating sleeve and a translating spool, the flow area is determined according to the mutual position between the holes on the sleeve and the edges on the spool. The metering area is then related both to the movement of the spool similarly to a traditional spool valve, and to the rotary movement of the sleeve controlled by a torque motor, a DC motor o a rotary coil, as a function of force, speed and precision requested by the application.
The metering area is the result of two actuators position, and the resulting control is linearly depending by two PWM signals, both controlled by a microcontroller. The set of values available to control the actual metering area is then composed by a 10 or 12 bit data, used to generate the PWM duty cycle of the coil current control connected to the spool, plus the 10 or 12 bit data, used to generate the PWM duty cycle of the rotary motor coil current control connected to the cylinder, resulting in a 1024 or 4096 per 1024 or 4096 bi-dimensional control area, as a function of the chosen microcontroller. The metering control precision is virtually quadratic in respect to the traditional valve spool position control method.
Another big advantage is the flexibility, as an unique valve design can be used for several application due to the possibility to realize different Functions of Area with the two combined controls and without the need for special spool design and costly notches adjusting.
The valve design can be realized allowing:
1. AND-logical control of the two actuators, in relation to the metering area, enabling a highly safe normally closed valve,
2. OR-logical control, enabling a very fast valve,
3. Or different type of controls, like following controls, where the metering area can be obtained with different combination of relative position of the two actuators.
Moreover the new design of the valve allow special positions in order to assure the functionality (emergency closing or opening of the metering area) even in case of failure or blocking of one of the two actuators.
From the functional safety point of view The valve can assure a limited functionality, thus presenting a fail operational characteristic, or even a fully functionality, with limited precision, due to the control of only one of the actuators, thus presenting a fault tolerance to the faults.
From the functional safety point of view The valve can assure a limited functionality, thus presenting a fail operational characteristic, or even a fully functionality, with limited precision, due to the control of only one of the actuators, thus presenting a fault tolerance to the faults.
Besides, the valve respects two of the most important principles of the design for safety: redundancy and diversity, offering the functionality normally obtained using two valves, with a limited space and weight.
The paper will show the valve design, highlighting the peculiar characteristics of the mechanical solution, and finally a functional safety analysis will be drawn out.
In the paper the control strategies and the opportunities offered by the new design will be discussed, with the aid of some example, focusing on control precision and valve configuration. As an example, the advantages of some X-by-Wire application will be discussed, especially for steer by wire, and brake by wire, where the main function can’t be lost due to a single fault.
The paper will also show the different actuators characteristics, comparing force and dynamic performance.