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Magnetic Shape Memory Actuators for Fluidic Applications
Thomas Schiepp, Emmanouel Pagounis, and Markus Laufenberg
ETO MAGNETIC GmbH
Hardtring 8, D-78333 Stockach
Increased product requirements with respect to functionality, durability, and energy efficiency lead to more and more complex systems and design processes. These, however, have to be fulfilled at competitive system and life-cycle costs. In consequence, individual parts and subsystems have to comprise increased functionality and efficiency themselves. The broad class of smart materials, including prominent examples such as piezo ceramics or shape memory alloys as well as less known dielectric elastomers or magnetic shape memory alloys, offer ideal preconditions to fulfill such requirements. Therefore, they have a great potential to play an important role in future actuation technologies for fluidic systems.
Magnetic Shape Memory (MSM) actuators represent a new type of smart electromagnetic actuators where the MSM material elongates and contracts in a magnetic field. Typically, the MSM material is a monocrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloy, which has the ability to change its size or shape very fast [1] and many million times repeatedly [2, 3]. Recently a new NiMnGaCoCu alloy showing 12 % MFIS has been investigated [4]. Magnetic Shape Memory actuators exhibit unique advantages such as fast switching with large work output. They can be designed as multistable actuators with near-zero current consumption in any stable position. The phase transition temperature of the MSM material between the low temperature martensite and the high temperature austenite limits the application temperature in current alloys to about 60°C, but future improvements are expected [5].
Based on internally designed and produced Magnetic Shape Memory materials, the ETO GROUP has developed its new MAGNETOSHAPE® technology that offers mono-, bi-, and multistable actuator solutions that have potential to serve various fluidic applications, from pneumatics to hydraulics, stationary or mobile. Fast switching bistable actuators can help to enable digital hydraulics or high-durability high-frequency pneumatic valves. Multistable so-called push-push actuators with two MSM units working antagonistically can potentially replace proportional actuators and do not consume energy when holding intermediate positions.
However, the new technology requires modified approaches in the complete design process. For example, standard magnetostatic FEM simulations techniques have been adapted to take into account the magneto-mechanical coupling and the magnetic anisotropy of the MSM materials [6, 7]. Furthermore, specific control approaches are under development in order to enable fast and precise positioning for fluidic as well as non-fluidic applications.
In this paper, the authors present an overview of the current state of the MAGNETOSHAPE® technology and its future impact on fluidic applications.
References:
[1] M. A. Marioni, R. C. O\'Handley, and S. M. Allen, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 83, pp. 3966-3968, 2003.
[2] I. Aaltio, A. Soroka, Y. Ge, O. Söderberg, and S.-P. Hannula, Smart Mater. Struct., vol. 19, 075014, 2010.
[3] T. Schiepp, V. Detkov, M. Maier, E. Pagounis, and M. Laufenberg, Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (ICFSMA), Boise, Idaho, 2013.
[4] A. Sozinov, N. Lanska, A. Soroka, and W. Zu, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol. 102, 021902, 2013.
[5] E. Pagounis, M. Helmer, M. Maier, and M. Laufenberg, 4th Int. Conf. Smart Materials Structures Systems (CIMTEC), Montecatini Terme, Italy, 2012.
[6] J. Kiang and L. Tong, Smart Mater Struct, vol. 19, pp. 1-17, 2009.
[7] T. Schiepp, M. Maier, E. Pagounis, A. Schlüter, and M. Laufenberg, Proc. 19th Conf. on Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG), Budapest, Hungary, 2013.